Silva Peikaitė was born into a family of farmers in Žučiai village, Žagarė rural district. She went to a primary school in Rukuičiai, then a progymnasium in Žagarė, Joniškis gymnasium, and Vilnius Salomėja Nėris gymnasium. Silva, who took an avid interest in ancient history, finished the latter in 1947 and became a student at the History-Philology Faculty of Vilnius University. Soviet repression disrupted her university studies: on 25 March 1949, she and her family were deported to Irkutsk region. While in exile, she wanted to resume studies at Irkutsk University.