Faculty of History

Sukurta: 13 July 2017

if7 Universiteto, LT-01513 Vilnius
Tel. 268 7280, fax 268 7282
E-mail:
http://www.if.vu.lt

Dean – Prof. Dr. Rimvydas Petrauskas

STAFF

51 teachers (incl. 47 holding research degree), 4 research fellows (1 holding research degree), 38 doctoral students.

 

RESEARCH AREAS

History of Lithuania: Sources, Historiography, Heritage, Memory
Prehistory and Archaeology of Lithuania

DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS MAINTAINED IN 2016

G. Drungilienė. Catholic Hagiography of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: reception, dissemination, and elements of the saints’ cult in the late 14th–early 17th centuries.
M. Ėmužis. Soviet Lithuania ruling elite 1944–1974: interpersonal relations and their expression.
M. Jakulis. Hospitals in Vilnius in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.
M. Jurkutė. Memory of the Lithuanian Guerilla War: soviet, non-soviet and diaspora’s narratives.
K. Kučiauskas. The urban concept of prewar Vilnius and its reception during World War II and the postwar years (1932–1956).
G. Sviderskytė. Steponas Darius and Stasys Girėnas file: the historical process, approach, and the evolution of narrative.

MAIN CONFERENCES ORGANIZED IN 2016

22nd Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (in cooperation with European Association of Archaeologists, Academy of Cultural Heritage (Lithuania), Society of the Lithuanian Archaeology, www.eaavilnius2016.lt
International conferences:
Both Nations Capital Cathedrals. Episcopalian Churches in Krakow and Vilnius (in cooperation with the National Museum Royal Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, http://valdovurumai.lt/en/visitor-information/events/international-scientific-conference-both-nations-capital-cathedrals-episcopalian-churches-in-krakow-and-vilnius#.WHWlYrFh1E4)
The Second Lithuanian Statute: Themis’ and Clio’ Domains (in cooperation with the National Museum Royal Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania http://www.valdovurumai.lt/lankytojams/renginiai/tarptautine-moksline-konferencija-antrasis-lietuvos-statutas-temides-ir-klejos-teritorijos#.WHWmPrFh1E4)
The Dilemma of Humanist Kazys Grinius: Between Nation and Democracy (in cooperation with Lithuanian Institute of History, www.istorija.lt/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Programa-Grinius-2016-11-14.pdf)

MAIN SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016

22nd Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (about 1500 participants from 49 countries, 108 sessions) and 3 international conferences were organised.
Research results were successfully presented on an international level: international level monographs, international grants and researches, international conferences.
About 10 scientific books (monograph, articles collections, etc.) were published.
National grants for 8 new scientific projects were received.

DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL HISTORY

7 Universiteto, LT-01513 Vilnius
Tel. 268 7297
E-mail:

Head – Prof. Dr. Rimvydas Petrauskas

STAFF

Professors: Dr. R. Petrauskas (part-time), Dr. I. Valikonytė (part-time).
Associate professors: Dr. V. Dolinskas (part-time), Dr. L. Jovaiša, Dr. J. Karpavičienė (part-time), Dr. S. Pamerneckis (part-time), Dr. E. Saviščevas.
Lecturers: Dr. M. Jakulis, Dr. T. Čelkis, Dr. V. Volungevičius.
Junior research fellows: N. Šlimienė, S. Viskantaitė-Saviščevienė.
Doctoral students: B. Balčiūnaitė, R. Dediala, V. Diemantaitė, V. Gudaitė, A. Jurkevičius, M. Kvizikevičiūtė, T. Vaitkus, T. Zarankaitė

RESEARCH INTERESTS

History of Lithuania: sources, historiography, heritage, memory
Society of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (henceforth the GDL) in the 14th–16th centuries
Research and publication of the 1st Lithuanian Statute (1529) and the Lithuanian Metrica (the so-called Court Record Books of the 1st half of the 16th century)
History of the GDL in the 2nd half of the 18th century
Woman’s Status in the GDL in the 16th Century
Life of Christian churches and religions in the GDL in the 16th–18th centuries

RESEARCH PROJECTS CARRIED OUT IN 2016

National Research Projects

Research Council of Lithuania. Court Record Books of the Lithuanian Metrica: in the Direction of Second Statute of Lithuanian (No. LIP-002/2016). Prof. I. Valikonytė. 2016–2018.

The aim of the project is to explore an issue which has not received much reflection in the Lithuanian and foreign historiography, that is, justice and trial of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) in the 1st half of the 16th century also legal culture and consciousness of noblemen of the GDL by analysing not only the norms of the Lithuanian Statute, but the application of the norms as well, which could be best seen from the cases made in the so-called Court Records Books of Lithuanian Metrica (LM). The primary goal will be to prepare for publishing and to publish two Ruler’s court records books by Sigismund Augustus (1554–1568): books no 248/34 and 249/35, as well to publish the book of the Noblemen Council no 27/27 (1541–1542). The material shows not only the conception of the justice executed by the Ruler as the supreme legislation institute, but it also reveals the perfection of the legal norms preparing the Court reform as well as the Second Lithuanian Statute (SLS), which received the least attention from the researchers among three statutes.

Main publication:

Lietuvos Metrika (1541–1542). 27-oji Užrašymų knyga (The Lithaunian Metrica (1541–1542). Book of Inscirption 27). Eds. I. Valikonytė, T. Čelkis, L. Steponavičienė. 2016. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla.

MAIN R&D&I (RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION) PARTNERS

Lithuanian Institute of History (Lithuania)
National Museum Royal Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania (Lithuania)
Chamber of Notaries (Lithuania)

OTHER SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

Prof. R. Petrauskas –

Prof. I. Valikonytė –

Assoc. Prof. L. Jovaiša –

  • academician of the Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Science, www.lkma.lt/index.php?id=19;
  • editor-in-chief of the journal Bažnyčios istorijos studijos (Studies in Church History), www.lkma.lt/index.php?id=111);
  • editorial board member of the journal Fontes Historiae Lituaniae, www.lkma.lt/index.php?id=123;
  • editorial board member of the journal Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademijos metraštis (Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Science Annuals), www.lkma.lt/index.php?id=105;
  • editorial board member of the journal Religinės kultūros paveldo studijos (Studies in Cultural Heritage of Religions);
  • editorial board member of the journal Studia Franciscana Lithuanica.

Assoc. Prof. J. Karpavičienė –

  • deputy chairperson and member of the commission of the project The Saxon-Magdeburgian Law as a Cultural Link between the Legal Orders of Eastern and Central Europe (Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig).

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY

7 Universiteto, LT-01513 Vilnius
Tel. 268 7284
E-mail:

Head – Prof. Dr. Albinas Kuncevičius

STAFF

Professors: Dr. A. Kuncevičius, Habil. Dr. M. Michelbertas (professor emeritus).
Associate professors: Dr. A. Luchtanas, Dr. A. Merkevičius, Dr. J. Poškienė, Dr. G. Vėlius.
Lecturers: Dr. G. Motuzaitė Matuzevičiūtė Keen (part-time), Dr. E. Šatavičius, R. Nemickienė (part-time).
Doctoral students: E. Ananyevskaya, S. Ardavičiūtė-Ramanauskienė, R. Augustinavičius, D. Baltramiejūnaitė, M. Grikpėdis, G. Gudaitienė, J. Kozakaitė, E. Marcinkevičiūtė, K. Minkevičius, L. Muradian, V. Suncovas, R. Valatkevičienė, A. Žilinskaitė.

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Material and spiritual culture of the Baltic tribes
Burial rites, household tools and weapons and ornaments of Lithuania’s inhabitants
Data collection on Baltic tribes’ settlements, buildings, defence fortifications and cultural ties with neighbours and more distant European tribes and nations

RESEARCH PROJECTS CARRIED OUT IN 2016

National Research Projects

Research Council of Lithuania. Vilnius Castles Inhabitants in 14th–18th c. AD. Social Structure and Daily Life According to the Zooarchaeological, Archaeological and Historical Data (No. LIP-16181). Dr. P. Blaževičius.2016–2018.

Vilnius Lower castle, Upper castle and the Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania are objects of an extraordinary importance for Lithuanian state history. Until now most of historical and archaeological studies were dedicated to research life, environment and events of the higher social status. However, dwellers of various social statuses – knights, officers, soldiers as well as craftsmen and servants – lived in these castles through the centuries. Almost unexplored fields of diet practices, hygiene, environment, waste utilization, and hunting, processing of bone and antler and other daily life activities of all castles’ inhabitants will be researched in this project on the background of zooarchaeological material analysis, rich archaeological and historical data. Results of these investigations will allow us to evaluate the uniqueness of castles’ material ad life in the context of the entire Grand Duchy of Lithuania and neighbouring countries. During 2016 zooarchaeological material was analysed.

Contractual Research

Archaeological research of St. Trinity church crypt at Vilnius Basilian monastery (SOE Lietuvos paminklai).

MAIN R&D&I (RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION) PARTNERS

Institute of Archaeology University of Wrocław (Poland)
State Cultural Rezerve of Kernavė (Lithuania)
University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
University of Latvia (Latvia)
University of Tartu (Estonia)

OTHER SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

Prof. A. Kuncevičius –

Assoc. Prof. A. Luchtanas –

Prof. emeritus M. Michelbertas –

Assoc. Prof. A. Merkevičius –

Assoc. Prof. J. Poškienė –

  • member of 2nd Assessment Council for Immovable Cultural Heritage (Department of Cultural Heritage under the Ministry of Culture).

Assoc. Prof. G. Vėlius –

R. Nemickienė –

  • editorial board member of the journal Interarchaeologia.

DEPARTMENT OF MODERN HISTORY

7 Universiteto, LT-01513 Vilnius
Tel. 268 7286
E-mail:

Head – Prof. Dr. Zenonas Butkus

STAFF

Professor: Dr. Z. Butkus.
Associate professors: Dr. D. Bukelevičiūtė, Dr. A. Jakubčionis, Dr. S. Kaubrys, Dr. R. Kraujelis (part-time), Dr. A. Streikus.
Lecturers: Dr. A. Abromaitis (part-time), Dr. N. Černiauskas, Dr. R. Gaidis, A. Grodis (part-time), Dr. V. Klumbys (part-time), Dr. T. Vaiseta (part-time).
Senior assistants: A. Narbutas (part-time), Dr. I. Zakšauskienė (part-time).
Research fellow: A. Grodis (part-time).
Doctoral students: S. Černevičiūtė, E. Jasiūnaitė, M. Kareniauskaitė, K. Kilinskas, D. Noreika.

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Research on Lithuanian international relations in the 1920s–1930s
Research on political, social and cultural life in Lithuania during the interwar period
Problems of the national and religious minorities in Lithuania and Klaipėda district
Soviet occupation and re-occupation of Lithuania
Anti-Soviet resistance in Lithuania: armed and passive resistance
Soviet Lithuania and western countries during the Cold War
Catholic Church in Soviet Lithuania
Cultural life in Soviet Lithuania
Research on history studies modernizing

RESEARCH PROJECTS CARRIED OUT IN 2016

National Research Projects

Research Council of Lithuania. Formation of Modern Social Structure in Lithuania, 1918–1940 (No. MIP-069/2014). Prof. Z. Butkus. 2014–2016.

During 2016, a monograph was prepared. The book is concentrated on the impact of Lithuanian state (after its re-establishment after the 1st World War) on the social system, and tries to explain how the statehood helped to overcome public social hardships and managed to push it to the direction of modernization. The monograph briefly described the social changes typical of the state is the process of formation, the land reform and its social consequences were discussed in more detail.

Main publication:

Butkus, Z., Bukelevičiūtė, D., Černiauskas, N., et al. 2016. Socialiniai pokyčiai Lietuvos valstybėje 1918–1940 metais. Monografija (Social changes in Lithuanian state in 1918–1940. Monograph). Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla.

Research Council of Lithuania. Political Censorship in Soviet Lithuania (No. MIP-022/2015). Assoc. Prof. A.Streikus. 2015–2018.

The main aim of the project is to conduct a multi-faceted research, which would explore the functioning of Soviet cenzorship’s mechanism in Lithuania. During 2016 historiography of the thematic field was thoroughly examined, theoretical and methodological frames of research were specified, empirical data were collected in the archives of Lithuania and abroad, incl. oral history methods. The introduction and the first chapter of the monograph Political Cenzorship in Soviet Lithuania were prepared, where adaptation and further development of the cenzorship model in Soviet Lithuania was examined.

Research Council of Lithuania. Memorials and Cultural Memories of World War II in Lithuania: Ideological Trends and Governing Capabilities (No. REP-6/2015). Assoc. Prof. A. Jakubčionis. 2015–2016.

The primary result of the project was formulation of the recommendations towards the management of WW2 Soviet military burial places in Lithuania. The recommendations aim at addressing the issues related with actual and potential expressions of hostile to Lithuania’s statehood propaganda, which is implemented through the reconstruction of mentioned sites. For the realization of the project two major activities were conducted: academic research and analysis of positive practise. The scientific study mobilized several different perspectives (historical, propaganda, sociological and heritage protection) that helped to determine the range of the problem, better understand acknowledged and reveal previously not perceived problems. Recommendations focus on the optimal solution of the problem through the system of cultural heritage protection under its current legal-administrative framework.

Main publication:

Arlauskaitė Zakšauskienė, I., Černiauskas, N., Jakubčionis, A., et al. 2016. Kariai. Betonas. Mitas. Antrojo pasaulinio karo Sovietų Sąjungos karių palaidojimo vietos Lietuvoje. Monografija (Soldiers. Concrete. Myth. Burial places of Soviet Union soldiers from the Second World War in Lithuania. Monograph). Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla.

MAIN R&D&I (RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION) PARTNERS

Charles University in Prague (Czech Republic)
Genocide and Resistance Research Center (Lithuania)
Lithuanian Special Archives (Lithuania)
Lithuanian State Historical Archives (Lithuania)
Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuania)

OTHER SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

Prof. Z. Butkus –

Assoc. Prof. D. Bukelevičiūtė –

Assoc. Prof. A. Jakubčionis –

  • member of the research group of the International Commission for the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania;
  • member of War History Centre Council;
  • editorial board member of the journal Genocidas ir rezistencija (Genocide and Resistance), http://genocid.lt/centras/lt/1199/a ;
  • consultant of the journal Politologija, www.journals.vu.lt/index.php/politologija/pages/view/editorial-board;
  • council member of the book series Lietuvos valsčiai, www.versme.lt/projektas.htm.

Assoc. Prof. S. Kaubrys –

Assoc. Prof. A. Streikus –

DEPARTMENT OF THEORY OF HISTORY AND CULTURAL HISTORY

7 Universiteto, LT-01513 Vilnius
Tel. 268 7288
E-mail:

Head – Prof. Dr. Alfredas Bumblauskas

STAFF

Professors: Habil. Dr. T. Bairašauskaite (part-time), Dr. A. Bumblauskas, Dr. R. Čepaitienė (part-time), Habil. Dr. Emeritus E. Gudavičius.
Associate professors: Dr. D. Brandišauskas (part-time), Dr. M. Drėmaitė, Dr. G. Kirkienė, Dr. S. Kulevičius (part-time), Dr. J. Poškienė (part-time), Dr. E. Raila, Dr. N. Šepetys, Dr. R. Šermukšnytė, Dr. A. Švedas, Dr. J. Verbickienė.
Lecturers: Dr. N. Babinskas (part-time), Dr. B. Gailius (part-time), Dr. A. Gieda, Dr. L. Skurvydaitė (part-time), Dr. A. Vasiliauskas (part-time).
Senior assistant: D. Vitkauskaitė.
Senior researcher: Dr. D. Brandišauskas (part-time).
Research fellow: Dr. I. Leonavičiūtė.
Doctoral students: R. Anulytė, A. Dambrauskas, V. Janušauskaitė, V. Kurienė, A. Naudžiūnienė, A. Petrauskienė, M. Ramonaitė, D. Sakalauskas, Š. Sederevičiūtė. V. Starikovičius, S. Stasiulis, M. Šiupšinskas.

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Theoretical, methodological and historiographical problems of history
History of Lithuanian culture
Theoretical and didactical aspects of history of Lithuanian culture
Historical culture and forms of cultural identity of Lithuanian society
Individual and collective forms of historical memory
Cultural heritage studies
Studies of Lithuanian ethnic and confessional minorities
Everyday life and domestic history
Functions of history in the contemporary society

RESEARCH PROJECTS CARRIED OUT IN 2016

International Research Projects

Rothschild Foundation (Hanadiv) Europe. Developing Jewish Studies in Lithuania: Establishing the Research and Teaching Field at Vilnius University (Grant No. 086/14). Assoc. Prof. J. Verbickienė. 2014–2017.

The main goal of the project is to establish and develop Jewish Studies at the Faculty of History (University of Vilnius). It will focus on expanding and defining subjects of the field, making them more available for students and laying grounds for the future research projects. For example, this project would open ways to promote young researchers research and career progress. These young perspective scholars will have the chance to continue with their training as young lecturers and remain engaged in the field by specializing in the study of history and culture of the East European Jews with a special focus being Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the history of Lithuanian Jewry and its specificities.

Norwegian Research Council. Challenges in Arctic Governance: Indigenous Territorial rights in the Russian Federation (No. 257644). Assoc. Prof. D. Brandišauskas. 2016–2019.

In 2016 anthropological fieldwork was conducted, a conference presentation was made.

National Geographic Society grant. Assoc. Prof. D. Brandišauskas. 2016–2017.
In 2016 fieldwork was conducted.

Research Council of Lithuania. Orthodox and Uniate Societies of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: History, Culture, Memories (No. TAP LU-6/2016). Assoc. Prof. G. Kirkienė. 2016–2017.

The aim of the research is to carry out a study of the orthodox and uniate histories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as well as one of their most significant monuments – the complex of the Holy Trinity Church – with the help of Lithuanian and Ukrainian scientists. The research should encompass the aspects of history, art history, memory study, archaeology and anthropology. Also, by carrying out the Project it is sought to create preconditions for the formation of common memory and to create common networks of researchers of the two countries. To achieve the results the following measures and activities have been provided for: scientific research, archaeological expeditions to the memory institutions of Lithuania and Ukraine (archives, museums and libraries) and scientific seminars.

National Research Projects

Research Council of Lithuania. Merchants in Vilnius in the 19th Century: Legal Situation, Activity and Social Identity (No. MIP-070/2014). Dr. A. Ambrulevičiūtė. 2014–2016.

The project proposes to research Vilnius merchants as the most active business people’s group in the Lithuanian provinces, their economic and social activities in Vilnius of the 19th century. The research deals with the alteration of identities of Lithuanian business elite – merchant in the 19th century, their performance specifications, business development corp. The aim was to determinate the change of social identity of the merchants during the modernization of society, to analyse the identification of merchants in the imperial politics and their image in modernizing society.

Main publication:

Ambrulevičiūtė, A. 2016. Vilniaus pirkliai XIX amžiuje: statusas, veikla, galimybės. Monografija (Vilnius Merchants in XIX Century: status, activities, opportunities. Monograph). Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla.

Research Council of Lithuania. Jonas Basanavičius: Personality, Ideas, Contexts (No. MIP-032/2015). Assoc. Prof. E. Raila. 2015–2018.

The aim of the project is to prepare a manuscript of the publication devoted to the biography of Jonas Basanavičius (1851–1927). Basanavičius could be treated as the main founder of nowadays Lithuanain ideology and one of the main pillars (along with Vincas Kudirka and Jonas Jablonskis) of modern Lithuanianism. All his personality, fragmented into political activity, medical practice, folklore works still remains scattered in various academic contexts. This project aims at presenting a solid synthetic biography of Jonas Basanavičius – „Lithuanian Moses“ – personality, taking into account and pointing out not just one of his activities but trying to comprehend the personality of „the patriarch of Lithuanian nation“ as a biographical entity. During 2016 the historical sources (from archives in Bulgaria) were collected and one scientific article was prepared.

MAIN R&D&I (RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION) PARTNERS

Department of Cultural Heritage (Lithuania)
European Humanities University (Lithuania)
Institute of Ukrainian History (Ukraine)
Polish Institute in Vilnius (Lithuania)
Ukrainian Catholic University (Ukraine)
Vilnius Yidish Institute (Lithuania)

OTHER SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

Prof. T. Bairašauskaitė –

  • member of Research Council of Lithuania, www.lmt.lt/lt/apie-taryba/hsm/tamara_bairasauskaite.html.

Prof. A. Bumblauskas –

Prof. emeritus E. Gudavičius –

  • member of the Russian Science Academy of Humanities in St. Petersburg.

Assoc. Prof. D. Brandišauskas –

  • scientific board member of the international conference Sociology of Culture: Experiences and New Paradigms (Saint-Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts);
  • honorary research fellow of the Department of Anthropology in Aberdeen University (Scotland);
  • associated research fellow of European Centre for the Arctic, University of Versailles (France);
  • member of Association of the Young Polar Scientist;
  • member of International Association for the Arctic Social Sciences;
  • editorial board member of the journal Lithuanian Journal of Anthropology, www.anthropology.lt.

Assoc. Prof. M. Drėmaitė –

  • member of Assessment Council for Immovable Cultural Heritage (Department of Cultural Heritage under the Ministry of Culture).

Assoc. Prof. R. Šermukšnytė –

Assoc. Prof. A. Švedas –

  • member of Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies;
  • member of the International Commission for the History and Theory of Historiography;
  • member of International Network for Theory of History, www.inth.ugent.be/directory-of-researchers/aurimas-svedas;
  • participant of Annual ASEEES (Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies) in Washington (2011), New Orleans (2012), Boston (2013), San Antonio (2014), Philadelphia (2015);
  • co-founder and organiser Vilnius Symposium on Late and Post-Soviet Issues (from 2011);
  • editorial board member of the journal Lietuvos istorijos studijos (Studies of Lithuania’s History), www.journals.vu.lt/lietuvos-istorijos-studijos/pages/view/editorial-board.

Dr. N. Babinskas –

  • member of the Romanian Association for Nordic and Baltic countries;
  • member of the European Network in Universal and Global History (ENIUGH);
  • editorial board member of the journal Valahian Journal of Historical Studies, www.valahianjournal.info/editorial-board.htm.

CENTRE FOR STATELESS CULTURES

7 Universiteto, LT-01513 Vilnius
Tel. 268 7293
E-mail:

Head – Assoc. Prof. Dr. Grigorijus Potašenko

STAFF

Associate professor: Dr. G. Potašenko.

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Region’s stateless minority cultures (cultures that do not benefit from the moral and material support of a “home country” anywhere): Yiddish, Old Believers, Tatars, Karaimes, Roma Multicultural studies

MAIN R&D&I (RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION) PARTNERS

The Centre for Studies of the Culture and History of East European Jews (Lithuania)
Institute of Social Research (Lithuania)
National Minorities Department under the of Lithuania Republic Government (Lithuania)
Old Believers Research Commission of the International Committee of Slavists
Torun Mikołaj Kopernik University (Poland)
Vilnius Yiddish Institute (Lithuania)

OTHER SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

Assoc. Prof. G. Potašenko –

  • member of Old Believers Research Commission of the International Committee of Slavists.